Historical Eras (Early Humans and the Stone Age)
🗿 HISTORICAL ERAS (EARLY HUMANS AND THE STONE AGE) Characteristics of Life Before Fire: Protection from Cold: Survival was extremely difficult, espec...
How did Byzantium conquer Italy?
Justinian I organized campaigns to re-establish the former Roman Empire and turn the Mediterranean into a Byzantine lake: the Vandal, Ostrogoth, and V...
How were the Red Cross and Red Crescent founded?
The idea for establishing a universal aid organization emerged because humans have not witnessed a life entirely free of suffering since the world beg...
Huaca del Sol and Huaca de la Luna
☀️🌙 Huaca del Sol and Huaca de la Luna: The Dual Power and Beliefs of the Moche Civilization Rising in the fertile Moche Valley near the present-day c...
Moche and Nazca
🗿 Moche and Nazca: The Artistic and Mysterious Ancient Civilizations of the Peruvian Coast Peru’s arid Pacific coastline has historically been t...
Nazca Culture
➖ Nazca Culture: The Giant Lines of the Desert and the Genius of Water Engineering The Nazca Culture (100 BCE – 800 CE), which flourished on the south...
Norte Chico (Caral)
🗿 Norte Chico (Caral): The Oldest Civilization in the Americas and the Origin of Pyramids The Norte Chico Civilization, which flourished between 3000 ...
Qhapaq Ñan
🛣️ Qhapaq Ñan (The Great Inca Road): The Lifeblood of the Andes and the Power of the Imperial Network Qhapaq Ñan (meaning “Great Road” or ...
The Emergence and Evolution of Humankind
The Emergence and Evolution of Humankind (Millions of Years Ago – Approximately 2.5 Million Years Ago) Hominids: Hominids, the first members of...
The Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu)
👑 The Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu): The Glorious Governance and Legacy of the Andes The **Inca Empire**, natively known as **Tawantinsuyu** (“The ...
Turkish culture (art, literature, buildings, sports, music)
How did Turkish art evolve from nomadic life to post-Islamic miniature and calligraphy? How did the transition from the Göktürk and Uighur alphabets t...
Turks in Central Asia
How did the Turks spread from their Central Asian homeland in prolonged waves of migration—due to climate change and drought—westward to Anatolia, eas...
What were religion and beliefs like in Byzantium?
The Byzantines were Orthodox Christians in terms of religion and belief. The center of this church was the city of Constantinople (Byzantium). The Pat...
⚔️ The shortest war in history
What is the shortest war in history, and when and where did it take place? Why did the Sultan of Zanzibar, who declared war on the British in 1896, re...
⛪ The Reformation (Europe's Religious Awakening)
What is the Reformation? Why was this religious revolution, which fractured the Catholic Church and led to the birth of new denominations at the begin...